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Introduction In recent years, we have seen rapid growth in the scale and ambitions of the burgeoning space industry, with the number of rocket launches in the U.S. increasing exponentially from around 30 launches in 2019 to over 100 launches by 2023[1]. Under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducts environmental reviews of all rocket launches to assess the degree of negative environmental impacts they pose. In 2025 and

In the past decade since the signing of the Paris Agreement, we have seen the rapid growth of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) policies and sustainable finance which has greatly transformed capital investment markets. Within this space, France has emerged as a leader in the development of regulatory frameworks for sustainable finance. During our site visit with BNP Paribas Asset Management (BNPP AM) we gained deeper insight into how the company structures its own s

Disclaimer: This is a prospective business model prepared for the New York Climate Exchange as part of a consulting practicum. This is not the business model of the New York Climate Exchange and should not be used to infer or assess any of their operations or practices.

Introduction and Overview The European green hydrogen sector is evolving from an early stage policy driven concept into a central pillar of the continent’s long term decarbonization strategy. Over the last five years, political commitments, capital allocations, cost declines in electrolyzer technology, and growing corporate appetite for low carbon fuels have all converged to transform what was once a niche demonstration space into an emerging industrial market. Even so, the s

Disclaimer: The analyses and recommendations in this report are those of the author and do not represent the opinions or business operations of Hydro-Québec. Introduction In the summer of 2025, Hydro-Québec’s New York Office engaged in a scenarios exercise, facilitated by New York University’s Energy, Climate Justice, and Sustainability Lab, to assess the changing landscape of U.S.-Canadian energy markets and identify key uncertainties that were emerging from dramatic shifts

Introduction A cap and trade market is a system for reducing emissions in which the governing body establishes an overall cap or limit on the amount of emissions permitted by the sectors/industries covered by the market. The governing body distributes allowances to companies that act as permits for them to produce a certain amount of emissions. These allowances are able to be traded between companies in the market which serves the goal of allowing companies that are able to r

Cost of Generation Model for TotalEnergies 1GW Offshore Wind Project Cost of Generation Model for Belews Creek GEH 300MW BWRx Reactor Shared Input Values The following input values are the same for both models: Tax rate (combined federal and state) is 23.5% [1] , insurance rate is 2.5% based on industry standard for construction [2] , and all escalations (energy price, fixed O&M, variable O&M, fuel cost, and misc. escalation) are 2.6%, which is the average US interest rate si

In his Ninety-Five Theses, Martin Luther denounced the Catholic Church’s corrupt practice of selling indulgences, in which purchasers could pay money to absolve the sins of themselves or loved ones. Luther maintained that indulgences allowed people to avoid making genuinely positive changes in their lives, instead being able to pay their way into heaven. The carbon offset market offers a similar scheme as companies pay into eco-friendly projects to absolve themselves of their

Executive Summary Taiwan’s electricity consumption in 2023 was 276,500 GWh. The Energy Administration predicts an average annual growth of 2.5% over the next 5 years and 2.8% over the next 10 years. This projection calculates additional demand to be 36,300 GWh by 2028 and 87,900 GWh by 2033. In seeking to eliminate nuclear energy, the government plans to increase gas to 50%, lower coal to 30%, and increase renewables to 20% by 2025, with the goal of 20 GW of installed solar c

Executive Summary: Electrical transformers are critical components of power grids, necessary for the distribution of electricity from power plants to consumers. Since 2020, the market has been experiencing skyrocketing lead times and price spikes as electrification, expansion of renewables, and aging out of current transformer stock place pressure on the market. Without action being taken to resolve this issue, the current state of the transformer market will result not only